Related Papers
Between Wolin and Truso: the Southern part of the Baltic Rim at the time of Rise of the Polish State (an archaeological perspective)
Andrzej Buko
Since the beginning of the Early Medieval Period, Pomerania, located along the southern coast of the Baltic Sea, has differed from other regions of the Polish Lands. The economic slump of the 5th century was not so deeply marked here. The archaeological finds belonging to the pre-Slav cultures are noted until the end of the 6th or, even to the early 7th century. The first question is how the local post-Roman period communities assimilated the first Slavs? Starting from the late 8th century, on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea there not only Scandinavian imports, but also present were Scandinavian settlers (warriors, traders) and representatives of Scandinavian elites living among the Slavs.
Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
Die Christianisierung Livlands aus der Perspektive visueller Quellen
2015 •
Kersti Markus
The early period of the Christianization of Livonia has until recently been considered in terms of written and archaeological sources, but the present article focuses on visual material. We will try to answer the question why two stone fortresses—Ukskula and Holme—had to be built in the Livonian territory in the context of a peaceful German mission, and why their architectural style is quite different, eliminating the possibility that they could be the work of the same hands. The Chronicle of Henry of Livonia tells us that both building projects were initiated by Canon Meinhard of the Segeberg Convent. In 1186, when the first of the two strongholds had been built, but not the second, Meinhard also became bishop. Although the investiture of a bishop by the Archbishop of Bremen should have been considered an important landmark in the Christianization of Livonia by the Church of Riga, the fact is only briefly mentioned in Henry’s Chronicle. More significant reasons for this gloss over ...
Christofer HERRMANN (Hg.): Livland im Mittelalter - Geschichte und Architektur (2022)
2022 •
Christofer Herrmann, Villu Kadakas
This richly illustrated volume provides an overview of the medieval history and architecture of Livonia (present-day Estonia and Latvia) in essays by six authors. Der reich bebilderte Band gibt in Beiträgen von sechs Autoren eine Übersicht zur mittelalterlichen Geschichte und Architektur Livlands (das heutige Estland und Lettland).
Papsttum, Mission und der Norden. Das Zusammenspiel von Zentrum und Peripherie, in: Livland - eine Region am Ende der Welt? Forschungen zum Verhältnis zwischen Zentrum und Peripherie (Quellen und Studien zur Baltischen Geschichte, Bd. 27), Böhlau Verlag, Köln 2017, S. 185-207.
Christian Krötzl
Ein Abenteurer aus dem Dreißigjährigen Krieg - Christian Dietrich von Czernichow und seine Diversionspläne gegen die Insel Ösel 1645 und 1648
Dorothée Goetze
Gab es eine altrussische Tributherrschaft in Estland (10.-12. Jahrhundert)? – Forschungen zur baltischen Geschichte, Bd. 10, 2015, S. 11-30.
Anti Selart
«LIVO-MOSCOVITICA» IM SCHWEDISCHEN REICHSARCHIV (STOCKHOLM)
Марина Бессуднова
Die Abteilung Livonica Iist besonders beachtenswert. Sie umfasst Hunderte Papierurkunden aus den Jahren 1299-1621, in 50 Bände geteilt, darunter die Bände 1-23 die ausgehende (Bd. 1-10) und eingehende (Bd. 11-23) Korrespondenz der livländischen Ordensmeister enthalten . Der Urkundenkomplex aus dem dickleibigen Band 24. erfasst verschiedene Richtungen der Außenpolitik Livlands im 16. und zu Beginn des 17. Jahrhunderts gewidmet. Eine der hier aufbewahrten Mappen, die «Livo-Moscovitica» heißt, bezieht sich völlig auf die Beziehungen Livlands mit dem Moskauer Staat, Groß-Novgorod und Pleskau (Pskov) im Zeitraum 1509-1601. Wenn es sich fast ausschließlich um Abschriften handelt, die in der kurländischen Kanzelei in der zweiten Hälfte des 16. Jahrhunderts hergestellt wurden, so seien auch gleich einige Originale bemerkt zu werden. Ein paar behandelte Schriftstücke sind gut bekannt sind, aber es gibt hier gleichzeitig viele unveröffentlichte Urkunden ohne ausführliche Beschreibung. Man kann Lücken sogar im o.g. Verzeichnis von Schirren finden.
Ordines Militares 25
Sprachenkompetenz im livländischen Zweig des Deutschen Ordens
2020 •
Anti Selart
https://apcz.umk.pl/czasopisma/index.php/OM/issue/view/1885 The contribution discusses the knowledge of languages by members and officials of the Teutonic Order in Livonia. The topics of this paper are the presence and role of the (Old) Russian, and Livonian native languages in the Order. Russian was needed for diplomatic contacts with the Rus’ and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. There were individual knights of the Order who were able to communicate in Russian. However, the Order mostly used hired interpreters and translators. They were of urban descent and had learned the language as young merchants. Some of them served the Order (the Master of the Order) for decades and received small holdings (a couple of peasant farms) as payment. In several cases the translators acted independently as diplomats and envoys. The Livonian Teutonic Order also needed special staff for communication with the natives. As indicated in the sixteenth-century sources, the Teutonic manors had interpreters among their staff. The intermediators could be members of Livonian local German nobility, and of the native (“undeutsch”) descent as well. The interpreters at a Teutonic castle belonged to the lower group of functionaries and became remunerated, for example, with a tavern or mill. The quality of the translations can be traced in the case of the communication with the Rus’, and it is in many cases remarkably low. All in all, the practical multilingual communication of the Teutonic Order in Livonia functioned seemingly quite well.
In: Forschungen zur baltische Geschichte. Hrsg. von Mati Laur und Karsten Brüggemann. Tartu: Akadeemiline Ajalooselts
Vija Stikane: Die Vogtei im mittelalterlichen Livland. Ihre Funktionen und Zuständigkeiten im Bistum und Erzbistum Riga.
2016 •
Vija Stikane
Volksbildung und Buchproduktion im schwedischen Livland
Liivi Aarma
